Forward look: 19 September - 4 October 2020
Forward look: 19 September – 4 October 2020

Overview of the main topics and events at the Council of EU and European Council.

The indicated format of each meeting (physical or virtual) are subject to change.

Foreign Affairs Council, 21 September 2020

Foreign affairs ministers will be informed about current affairs, and exchange views on Libya, Belarus, and relations between the EU and the African Union.

Agriculture and Fisheries Council, 21-22 September 2020

Ministers will advance discussions on the green architecture of the common agriculture policy (CAP) reform package, including the regulation on CAP strategic plans. They will also discuss trade related agricultural issues, based on a presentation by the European Commission.

General Affairs Council, 22 September 2020

The Council will prepare for the special European Council. Ministers will also focus on the next MFF, EU-UK relations, COVID-19 measures, and Article 7 procedures regarding Poland and Hungary.

Special European Council, 24-25 September 2020

EU leaders will meet in Brussels to discuss issues related to the single market, industrial policy and digital transformation, as well as external relations, in particular relations with Turkey and with China.

Video conference of transport ministers, 28 September 2020

Transport ministers will discuss benchmarks for a pandemic contingency plan for the European freight transport sector.

Competitiveness Council (Research and innovation), 29 September 2020

The Council will be invited to reach a general approach on the remaining outstanding issues of both the draft Horizon Europe regulation, the framework programme for research and innovation for 2021-2027, and the decision implementing Horizon Europe.

    For video coverage of Council sessions and audiovisual material, please see the following Council websites:
Media advisory - General Affairs Council of 22 September 2020
Media advisory – General Affairs Council of 22 September 2020

Indicative programme

from 09.00
Arrivals (live streaming)

+/- 09.45
Doorstep statement by Michael Roth, Minister of State for Europe at the Federal Foreign Office

+/- 10.00
Beginning of the General Affairs Council (roundtable)
Adoption of agenda / Approval of non-legislative “A” items
Preparation of the Special European Council on 24-25 September 2020
EU-UK negotiations
Covid-19 – EU-coordination
Rule of law in Poland / Article 7 (1) TEU Reasoned Proposal
Values of the Union in Hungary / Article 7 (1) TEU Reasoned
+/- 15.30
Legislative programming (public session)
+/- 16.00
Multiannual Financial Framework (public session)
Any other business

At the end of the meeting (+/- 16.45) – press conference in live streaming.

Arrangements for the press conference

Please note that there will be no physical press conference. In order to ask questions remotely, EU accredited journalists should register using this link. Those who already registered for the video conferences of European affairs ministers earlier this year, or to the press briefing ahead of the General Affairs Council, do not need to do it again.

Deadline: Tuesday, 22 September 2020, 15.00

Further instructions will be sent to all registered participants approximately half an hour after the deadline.

Videos and photos from the event

Visit the meeting page

            <a href="/en/meetings/gac/2020/09/22/" itemprop="url" class="council-link">Visit the meeting page</a>
Here's how European countries are limiting Covid spread
Here’s how European countries are limiting Covid spread
By: Express Web Desk | Panaji |
Updated: September 18, 2020 10:08:36 pm
                                            <span itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject">
                                                        <meta itemprop="url" content="https://images.indianexpress.com/2020/09/EUROPE-Covid.jpg"/><meta itemprop="width" content="1200"/><meta itemprop="height" content="667"/></span><span class="custom-caption"><img src="https://images.indianexpress.com/2020/09/EUROPE-Covid.jpg" alt=""/><span class="ie-custom-caption">A face mask left in Roemerberg square, that is usually crowded by tourists, in Frankfurt, Germany, Thursday, Sept. 17, 2020. (AP Photo/Michael Probst)</span></span><strong><a href="https://indianexpress.com/about/coronavirus/" class="">Coronavirus</a> cases in Europe:</strong> As the global coronavirus caseload crossed the 30 million mark and the World Health Organisation (WHO) warned of “alarming rates of transmission”, countries across Europe have begun rolling out new restrictions to curb the spread of the deadly infection.

After Europe reported a record 54,000 new infections in one day last week, WHO’s regional director for Europe Hans Kluge said that the recent surge “should serve as a wake-up call” for the entire continent, AFP reported.


Although the numbers reflect more comprehensive testing, it also shows alarming rates of transmission across the region,” Kluge said in a press conference in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Read: ‘Europe could likely see second coronavirus wave in Autumn’

According to the WHO, more than five million cases and over 228,000 fatalities have been recorded across Europe since the onset of the pandemic.

With most of Europe witnessing an aggressive second wave of coronavirus infections, governments are now in the process of reintroducing restrictions that were earlier eased following initial lockdowns.

Here’s a look at new Covid-19 rules imposed across Europe

UK: Ban on socialising with people outside household and ‘support bubbles’

BRITAIN Coronavirus in Europe: Students and staff queue up outside a mobile coronavirus testing unit for asymptomatic staff and students set up in a car park at the University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England, Friday Sept. 18, 2020. (Andrew Matthews/PA via AP)
Amidst a surge in Covid-19 cases in north east England, British Health Secretary Matt Hancock announced that tighter restrictions would be imposed in the region from Friday onwards. Residents in the area are no longer allowed to socialise with people outside their households and support bubbles, AP reported.

Global Coronavirus Updates, Sept 18: Cases top 30 million

Hancock added that leisure and entertainment venues will remain closed between 10 PM and 5 AM, and only table service will be permitted at restaurants and bars. The new restrictions will affect residents of Northumberland, North Tyneside, South Tyneside, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Gateshead, Sunderland and County Durham, the Guardian reported.

The United Kingdom is struggling to cope with a sharp rise in cases in recent months. According to Britain’s Health Minister Edward Argar, hospital admissions are doubling every eight days, DW reported. However, UK authorities are reluctant to reveal whether a nationwide lockdown will be imposed next month.

Spain: Masks remain mandatory even for school children

SPAIN HOSPITAL Coronavirus in Europe: Francisco España, 60, is surrounded by members of his medical team as he looks at the Mediterranean sea from a promenade next to the “Hospital del Mar” in Barcelona, Spain, Friday, Sept. 4, 2020. A hospital in Barcelona is studying how short trips to the beach may help COVID-19 patients recover from long and traumatic intensive hospital care. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti)
As schools begin to reopen following months of closure, the Spanish government has made it mandatory for all children over the age of six to wear masks in class and in most public places, BBC reported. However, just as the school year began the country witnessed a sharp rise in Covid-19 cases, according to an AP report. Masks are mandatory for everyone in most parts of Spain.

In Madrid, which has quickly become the centre of the country’s coronavirus outbreak, local authorities fear that their public health systems cannot possibly accommodate the rampantly rising number of Covid-19 cases. Officials have said that one in five hospital beds are occupied by coronavirus patients, amidst a second wave of infections.

A new set of restrictions will be unveiled in the city on Friday, AFP reported. Regional health chief Antonio Ruiz Escudero said the Madrid government was working on a series of measures “to restrict mobility and reduce activity in certain areas.. where the virus is most-widely transmitted”.

France: No more than 10 people can gather in a public place

FRANCE Coronavirus in Europe: People wearing protective face masks as precaution against the conoravirus line up to get a seat at a bistro along the Seine river bank in Paris, Thursday, Sept. 17, 2020. Health Minister Olivier Veran announced 20 more testing centers nationwide as he told a press conference that the virus is “very active again” in France. (AP Photo/Michel Euler)
With France recording over 10,000 new cases each day in recent weeks, the government has strictly prohibited public gatherings of more than 10 people. Wearing a face mask has been made mandatory in some badly-affected areas and towns, including Paris, Marseille and Lyon, BBC reported.

Mask wearing is also compulsory in a majority of French workplaces. The rule applies in factories and offices where a number of people share space.

While bars and restaurants have been reopened with strict health measures in place, nightclubs remain closed. Stadiums and race tracks were permitted to reopen to the public in July with a limit on the total number of people who can attend an event.

Also Read: Virus clusters at French universities give Europe a lesson

On Thursday, the country recorded 10,593 new cases — the highest number of cases recorded in a single day, BBC reported. Authorities in two of France’s biggest cities Lyon and Nice have been given until Saturday to impose new mandates to contain the disease.

Germany: Mandatory airport testing for foreign travellers

german president 1 German Health Minister Jens Spahn takes off his mask during a visit to Bethany Hospital to get an update on treatment options for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients and speak with medical staff in Moers, Germany, August 28, 2020. REUTERS/Leon Kuegeler
Multiple coronavirus testing booths have been set up in airports across Germany to test travellers from high-risk countries. Travellers landing in Germany from a high-risk area will have to self-isolate for 14 days, DW reported.

Further, a minimum fine of 50 euros has been imposed for people caught in shops or public transport without face masks or coverings, BBC reported. German authorities have also extended the ban on large gatherings until the end of the year.

While the country has recorded a significantly lower number of cases than its neighbours in Europe, health experts fear that herd immunity is unlikely at a national scale for now. According to the German Health Minister Jens Spahn, herd immunity will be reached through a coronavirus vaccine, which could possibly be available by mid-2021, AFP reported.

Czech Republic: All bars and restaurants ordered to close at midnight

The Czech Republic is currently bearing the brunt of a second wave of infections, that is far more brutal than the first. In an effort to contain the surge, the Czech government on Thursday announced that all bars, restaurants and nightclubs must remain shut between midnight and 6 AM.

Authorities also banned more than 10 people from assembling in an indoor space, AP reported. All those attending a gathering are required to be seated and wearing masks. Every visitor is required to have a ticket for the seat that they are occupying.

Mask wearing is also compulsory for all children who are attending school. Dozens of schools were shut down once again after the number of cases began rising in the country, the AP report stated.

In view of the sudden spike in cases, countries like Slovakia, Denmark, Switzerland and Britain have imposed travel restrictions on people arriving from the Czech Republic.

Belgium: Government launches next phase of reopening

BELGIUM A medical worker wearing full protective gear, takes a nose swab from a passenger who recently landed, to be tested for COVID-19 in a test centre at Zaventem international airport in Brussels, Thursday, Sept. 17, 2020. (AP Photo/Francisco Seco)
Belgian authorities have begun reopening public places like libraries, shopping malls, cinemas, museums, religious buildings and public transport. But wearing a face mask remains mandatory in almost all public places.

Discotheques and nightclubs remain closed and big events, like festivals, are not yet allowed, BBC reported.

With stadiums reopening, football fans can return to watch their favourite sport live once again. However, upper limits have been set on the number of people who can attend a match.

Netherlands: People asked to maintain 1.5 metre distance, even at home

To prevent the spread of coronavirus, Dutch authorities have urged all residents to maintain 1.5 distance when people come to visit you at home. The distance rule also applies in public places — such as shopping streets, parks and recreational areas.

Several major cities, including Amsterdam and Rotterdam, have chosen to scrap schemes that made wearing face masks compulsory in public places. Meanwhile, children began returning to schools in the country in August. While social distancing rules have not been enforced in schools, a number of hygiene measures have been put in place.

? The Indian Express is now on Telegram. Click here to join our channel (@indianexpress) and stay updated with the latest headlines

                                                                                                        <p class="appstext">For all the latest <a href="https://indianexpress.com/section/world/">World News</a>, download <a class="click-event" id="IE_app_download" href="https://indianexpress.page.link/aeiu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Indian Express App.</a></p>
                                                    <p>© IE Online Media Services Pvt Ltd</p>                                               
Romania and UK judicial authorities jointly dismantle ‘loverboy’ criminal network specialized in trafficking and sexually exploiting young girls
Romania and UK judicial authorities jointly dismantle ‘loverboy’ criminal network specialized in trafficking and sexually exploiting young girls

2020 09 18 EJmagnet RO UKThe Hague, 18 September 2020

During a Joint Action Day executed on the 9th of September 2020, judicial and law enforcement authorities in The UK and Romania have arrested 21 members of an organized criminal group specialized in trafficking young Romanian girls into the UK, Ireland and Germany for purpose of sexual exploitation.


The criminal group was active since 2009 and had a well-established hierarchical structure. Using the so-called ‘loverboy’-method, the OCG members targeted young Romanian girls from vulnerable backgrounds. The victims (including minors) were seduced by the offenders with false promises of sentimental partnerships, and a future luxury lifestyle. In reality, the victims were instead lured into prostitution and sexually exploited in Romania (until the minor teenagers turned 18), after which they were transported (by use of counterfeit ID documents) and sexually exploited in The UK, Ireland and Germany. In order to conceal and launder the profits from their criminal activity, the members of the group purchased luxury assets, registering it under third parties’ name.


Eurojust has facilitated an integrated approach to this cross-border investigation since February 2019, including judicial cooperation endeavors to create a Joint Investigation Team, which was awarded almost EUR 22.000 in Eurojust funding.
The JIT made it possible to streamline the exchange of evidence, accelerate and intensify the investigation and carefully prepare and coordinate the Action Day’s execution, during which 32 house searches were conducted (23 in Romania and 9 in the UK). Numerous victims were recovered and provided with support and assistance, and the searches also resulted in seizures of a weapon and of multiple valuable assets including five luxury cars, real-estate properties and important amounts of money.

2020 09 18 Buruiana MR
Daniela Buruiana, National Member of Eurojust for Romania, said: “Cross border THB investigations have never been an easy task for prosecutors and police officers. Close cooperation and coordination between the competent authorities in different jurisdictions and the use of the support tools available at EU level are essential in conducting successful THB investigations. This is another good example of excellent joint work across different authorities and agencies. I am glad that Eurojust has been involved and provided assistance and support since the very beginning. Congratulations to all the actors which contributed to the success of this operation.


Background: Eurojust cases addressing Trafficking in Human Beings


The number of cases at Eurojust related to investigations of Trafficking in Human Beings has increased steadily over the last years from around 100 cases in 2016 to 183 cases registered in 2019. This has also lead to an increase in the number of Joint Investigation Teams (JIT), which has proven an effective tool to fight this form of crime, from 31 JITs in 2016 to 63 JITs in 2019.


Romania and the UK have been particularly active in this respect and cooperated closely in 76 THB investigations in the past four years:

Cases registered by Romania involving the UK 8 7 12 21 5 53
Cases registered by the UK involving Romania 6 6 4 6 1 23
Total registered cases involving Romania and the UK 14 13 16 27 6 76

 

Self-testing for HIV at home – successful project in Bulgaria
Self-testing for HIV at home – successful project in Bulgaria

A demonstration project conducted in Bulgaria has shown that more people get tested for HIV when self-testing is available. In situations where testing is based in health-care institutions, it can be a challenge to encourage some people to come forward. Community-based testing is a good way to overcome those barriers, but it can be labour intensive. Self-testing can work out less expensive, and a demonstration project conducted last year clearly shows the role it can play. The findings are especially relevant to health authorities working hard to maintain essential services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Testing for HIV is a critical public health intervention because it is the first step towards treatment and care. With current antiretroviral treatment, people who test positive can expect to live a healthy life with HIV without passing it on to anyone else.

The population groups in Bulgaria who are most vulnerable to HIV infection include gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender people. Despite progress in recent years, many MSM and transgender people in Bulgaria are not aware of their HIV status and are reluctant to seek testing at health institutions because of the associated stigma.

A simple saliva test with results in 20 minutes

The pilot project was conducted by local nongovernmental organization (NGO) the Single Step Foundation. Momchil Baev, Sexual Health and HIV Manager for the organization, explained more: “We offered MSM and trans people the opportunity to test for HIV completely for free, confidentially, in the comfort of their home, without having to visit a health centre or meet anyone. We used an approved oral test method, which detects antibodies to the HIV virus in saliva. It is easy, convenient and reliable. A swab is rubbed along the gums, then immersed into a reaction solution, and the result is available after 20 minutes”.

Over the course of the campaign, the NGO sent out 900 free HIV self-testing kits to 120 locations, in all 28 districts of the country. The campaign was promoted on social media under #endHIVbg and benefited from Single Step Foundation’s partnership with Grindr, one of the world’s largest social networking apps for gay, bisexual, transgender and queer people. Single Step placed full-screen notifications that would appear when users opened the Grindr app, as well as direct inbox messages within the app to all Grindr users in the country. Users were then prompted to order an HIV home test online by clicking through to the Single Step website, where they could fill out a questionnaire and order a test kit. Tests were delivered by post free of charge. Almost 60% of those who filled in the questionnaire ordered the test.

Concerns about how support would be provided to someone who tested positive were answered by setting up a dedicated support phone line, staffed by a sexual health and HIV manager. Twelve positive results were reported to the phone line and callers were given a follow-up test at a medical testing centre to confirm the result. All the people affected received treatment and now have an undetectable viral load.

“For some of the guys with a positive result, it was rather difficult to cope with the sad news,” explained Momchil. “Some were from rural areas with very limited access to quality information, community services or medical care. That took an extra effort on my side, providing support and guidance until they were able to access treatment and start dealing with the diagnosis. It’s an every-day battle to ensure access and dignity for all, no matter how rural their environment.”

Valuable behavioural insights

Questionnaires before and after testing have provided valuable insights into the service and how it has been received. More than 1500 MSM and trans people from 164 towns and villages responded and many did not know their HIV status. The project revealed an important difference between the capital and provincial areas – 68% of MSM and trans individuals living in smaller cities were not aware of their HIV status, suggesting that HIV testing options are not as accessible outside the capital. HIV self-testing can bridge that gap. The demonstration project also showed that 68% of those unaware of their status never or rarely use a condom, one third of all respondents (31%) had never been tested for HIV, and 71% prefer home HIV testing over traditional methods.

“This demonstration project has shown that there is strong demand in the community for HIV self-testing in Bulgaria,” said Dr Masoud Dara, Coordinator for Communicable Diseases at WHO/Europe. “It also shows how self-testing can help expand testing services to reduce inequalities between rural and urban areas. Since 2016, WHO has recommended that HIV self-testing should be offered as an additional approach to traditional HIV testing services. However, not all countries in the WHO European Region have taken full advantage of the possibility. Now, as we are working hard to maintain essential health services in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, HIV self-testing has an extra relevance and I hope countries that have not yet implemented it will reconsider introducing and/or scaling it up.”

Leveraging youth to shape a better future, UN announces 17 Young Leaders for SDGs
Leveraging youth to shape a better future, UN announces 17 Young Leaders for SDGs

The Young Leaders for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent the diverse voices of youth from every region of the world, and are collectively responsible for activating millions of young people in support of the SDGs. 

According to Jayathma Wickramanayake, UN Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, amid unprecedented times, the 2020 Class are a “clear example” of how the youth are leading the way in shaping a more sustainable and inclusive future for all. 

”Despite being disproportionately impacted by COVID-19, young people around the world continue to demonstrate immense resilience, resourcefulness and leadership in finding innovative solutions to recover better and achieve the SDGs”, she said. 

The group of 17 will come together as a community to support efforts to engage young people in the realization of the SDGs both through strategic opportunities with the UN and through their existing initiatives, platforms and networks, according to the Youth Envoy’s office

The 17 are announced every two years by the Envoy. 

The 2020 Class 

Aged between 18 and 29, they hail from across the globe – coming from Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Colombia, Egypt, India, Ireland, Liberia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Senegal, Turkey, Uganda, and the United States. 

One of the Young Leaders, Siena Castellon, 18 from Ireland, is an autism and neurodiversity advocate. She said that the platform will enable her to raise awareness of neurodiversity and the importance of recognizing, supporting and harnessing the overlooked strengths and talents of people who think differently and perceive the world differently. 

Similarly, for 24-year-old Lester Philipp Vargas Angeles, from Peru, the Young Leaders is an opportunity to help millions of students learn more and faster with the support of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled virtual learning and help re-invent schools, universities and institutions. 

More information on the seventeen 2020 Young Leaders, including their profiles and commitments is available here

Is Tzom Gedaliah Canceled for 2020? — Pros and Cons
Is Tzom Gedaliah Canceled for 2020? — Pros and Cons
Photo Credit: Pixabay

new year 4660439 960 720

Do you need to fast or not on the Monday following Rosh Hashana (September 21)? Like everything else in the Jewish world, it depends on who you are. We have had three Rabbinic fasts since the Pandemic has started (Fast of Esther (Ta’anit Esther), Seventeenth of Tammuz (Shiva Asar B’ Tammuz) and Tisha B’Av This will be the fourth one, so we have had some guidance before.

Only a Jew has to keep 613 mitzvahs, a Gentile does not, just the Noahide laws. A woman keeps fewer stringencies than a man about many religious practices as she is not obligated in many (some she is) time-bound mitzvah, and a Slave (though we don’t have anymore) even less.

Advertisement







‘);
_avp.push({ tagid: article_top_ad_tagid, alias: ‘/’, type: ‘banner’, zid: ThisAdID, pid: 16, secure: true });


Now we have a new fourth class of people. Those over 60 years old. The Pandemic distinguishes between those under 60 and those over.

Judaism is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion, dating back nearly 4,000 years. Followers of Judaism believe in one God who revealed himself through ancient prophets. The history of Judaism is essential to understanding the Jewish faith, which has a rich heritage of law, culture and tradition.

Over the 4000 years, we have had many times questions about whether a fast is canceled or not either for medical conditions or over the safety of the Jewish People as other nations like to threaten us with either loss of our lives or property.

Judaism believes in the principle that life comes first in most instances (not all as there are three primary exceptions–violating beliefs in Idolatry, Harming others, or sexual immorality may supersede life).

So when life is at stake, the fast may have to go. The fast of Tzom Gedaliah is a Rabbinic Fast, not a Torah Fast, (Only Yom Kippur is a Torah fast), so since it was created by the Rabbis, the Rabbis have the right to make the rules about who has to keep it.

Rabbis and doctors have always considered the weighty issue of fasting.

Whether an elderly person or sick person should eat or drink on Yom Kippur or the lesser fasts, depends on whether he is healthy or fragile.

Although religion should promote good health, sometimes the two can clash. In such cases – for example, religious fasts – Rabbis and Doctors should intervene to ensure that patients are not harmed.

“The fast was initiated by the G-d (or in the case of Tzom Gedaliah the Rabbis), “but it is meant for healthy adults, not for the sick or for children or pregnant or lactating women. If you can’t fast for health reasons, it’s just as good to give charity instead.”

One well known Orthodox Rabbi, RABBI YOSEF Zvi Rimon, the rabbi of JCT (The Jerusalem College of Technology, an Orthodox Jewish educational institution in the Givat Mordechai neighborhood of Jerusalem) and head of its Beit Midrash, noted that “medicine develops all the time. Doctors may have said something 20 years ago, and rabbis gave halachic rulings on the basis of that, but maybe the information is obsolete. The principles of Jewish law are the same, but conclusions may be wrong because doctors made statements based on medical evidence and research at the time.

One has to go deeper.” The rabbi produced a pamphlet with guidelines for patients on Yom Kippur fasting.“It there is doubt, one must consult with a rabbi. If it is impossible and there is a real doubt [about whether the fast will cause harm], one should not fast and not endanger life, even if there is no immediate danger but only one that is distant. A patient must not risk his or her health and fast in contravention of doctor’s orders.”

We are in such a time, with the Pandemic. There has always been a way to avoid the issue of fasting in the past, for those who are sick, by a technique called “sherim” Eating or drinking a small amount over a period of time is not defined by the Rabbis as eating or drinking. A sick person, who, in the doctor’s opinion, fasting for a few hours will cause him to require eating regularly, later on, should begin eating “shiurim” from the beginning of the fast. Now we move to the question of eating regularly or via an IV. The prohibition to eat on Yom Kippur or the other Rabbinic fasts is only when the food intake is via the mouth and throat. Nutrition introduced intravenously or via a nasogastric tube etc. is, strictly speaking, also not prohibited. Nevertheless, a healthy person should not use this technique to avoid fasting. Having said this, a sick person who does need to eat on Yom Kippur is not required to receive his food via an IV in order to negate the necessity to eat regularly; rather he may eat in a normal fashion. There are opinions that state that a sick person, who is not currently in danger and is eating only to prevent potential danger, should begin receiving nutrition via an IV from before the onset of Yom Kippur, thereby not introducing something new on Yom Kippur.

“Shiurim” as we said above is to drink small amounts of water every nine (or even six) minutes. The permitted amount of water is easy to measure. Fill your mouth with as much water as you can and then spit it out into a cup. Half of that amount can be drunk every nine minutes by chronic patients who need to hydrate themselves. The average amount is 38 milliliters and should be less than 44 milliliters. Similarly for food. This is not called eating or drinking.

A sick person is also allowed to take a shower on Yom Kippur to refresh himself (it is forbidden to healthy people).

It is preferable to stay home, pray and fast, if permitted by a doctor or rabbi, rather than go to synagogue and forgo the fast. Pregnant and lactating women who are healthy usually are bound to fast (unless the new mother cannot produce enough milk for the baby), but pregnant women should consult with authorities on whether going without food and drink would harm them or the fetus. Chronically ill patients who must take pills during the fast are advised to take them without water, but if this is impossible, they should do so in a different way, such as adding a bit of salt or something bitter, the rabbi suggested.

DR. EPHRAIM Jaul, director of complex geriatric nursing at Jerusalem’s Herzog Hospital, said that ironically, there were many recommendations for vaccination for babies and children up to the age of 18, but only one recommended vaccination (against pneumonia) for those over 65.

“Old age is the most heterogeneous condition, but it is treated as homogeneous.” He urged pensioners to walk fast to improve their heart, brain, and gastrointestinal systems, as well as to do mental exercises.

Before this Pandemic, calling a person “old” should not be determined by his chronological age but more exactly by his biological age, said Prof. Tzvi Dwolatzky, an expert in geriatrics and internal medicine at Haifa’s Rambam Medical Center. “It used to be that kidney-failure patients were not sent to dialysis after the age of 75. Today, one can be 85 or more and still undergo it. The decision is made according to the biological age of the patient,” he said, showing a photo of an 89-year-old woman who piloted a plane, and of Jeanne Louise Calment, a French woman who lived to the age of 122 and of a Holocaust survivor and Israeli named Yisrael Kristal, who died recently at the age of 113.

Before this Pandemic or on Yom Kippur where there are different rules than for Tzom Gedolia, whether an elderly person should eat or drink on Yom Kippur, said Dwolatzky, depends on whether he is healthy or fragile (living at the edge of his abilities and could fall at a slow walking speed). “From my experience, most old people fast better than young people.

”DEHYDRATION FROM fasting is a significant risk in elderly patients, noted Dr. Ephraim Rimon of the Hartzfeld Geriatric Hospital in Gedera, who happens to be the older brother of Rabbi Rimon.

“One should drink three liters of water during the 24 hours before a fast, but it’s hard for the elderly to drink so much. If a patient is dehydrated, the risk of a heart attack or stroke is higher. An elderly person who wants to fast and drink at intervals may forget to drink water and then harm himself.

”He told the story of Rabbi Chaim Sonnenfeld of the Eda Haredit who learned of a blind woman who was fasting and endangered her health. “He came to her and blew the shofar during the fast and told her it was night and the fast was all over.

But every case is different.”Dr. Rabbi Mordechai Halperin, head of Jerusalem’s Schlesinger Institute for Medical-Halachic Research, added that a patient with irregular heartbeats can even die if he fasts.

“If we make an error in our guidelines, we are spilling blood. If a person is sick and at risk, he doesn’t need to drink at intervals. He should eat. If based on medical evidence, a person could be harmed by the fast, he must eat.

”THE ONLY part of the body that needs carbohydrates is the brain, said Prof. David Zangen, a senior endocrinologist at Hadassah University Medical Center.“When you haven’t eaten for hours and the blood sugar level is low, the liver will release sugar from the liver to reach the brain rather than to remain in storage.

If there isn’t enough, a patient can fall and be seriously hurt.”Working with observant adolescents with type-1 diabetes, Zangen asked if they intended to fast on Yom Kippur. Thirty-nine of 190 said they would fast no matter what the doctor said.

“They want to be like all the others, but it could be dangerous. Those who nevertheless insist on fasting are advised to check their blood sugar every 2.5 hours and to start eating if they have nausea, vomiting, or hyperglycemia. A diabetic should always consult their personal physician, as he or she knows the medical condition well.”

Now let us turn to the current issue, not just of health, but of an epidemic condition. During the Holocaust, for the sake of life, one ate or drank, and there was no dispute, but we turn to an epidemic many years before the Holocaust for guidance as that is more similar to the current time.

So to answer the question, about keeping the fast we turn to history. The Place we start is a famous story about the most serious Torah Fast, Yom Kippur. If that fast can be put off, because it is the Torah fast, then certainly a less serious Rabbic fast can be put off, as part of the Rabbi’s job is to make that decision of who must fast, with the help of Doctors.

Following Shacharit on Yom Kippur of 5610, in September 1849, Rabbi Yisrael Salanter, the famous and pious Vilna rabbi -founder of the Mussar Movement, dedicated to injecting the pursuit of ethical excellence into traditional Jewish observance, ascended to the bimah of the Vilna synagogue.

He explained to the congregation that because of the raging cholera epidemic in Vilna,

they must not spend the day gathered together in the synagogue, but should leave the building and walk outside -fresh air was believed to prevent the spread of the disease. Furthermore, he said, it was imperative that everyone maintains their strength so that they would not fall, victim,

to disease. And so, on that Yom Kippur, Rabbi Yisrael Salanter explained, everyone should break their fast, eat and drink so that they could protect their health and survive the disease. And his whole point was to break the fast not in the permitted way of “sherim” but literally to eat and drink, because he was afraid people might take the restrictions of “sherim” to literally and endanger themselves.

It was for this reason, even on Yom Kippur, which is not a rabbinic fast but a biblical one, Rabbi Salanter CANCELED YOM KIPPUR FAST.

Cholera is a horrific disease. It is painful, terrifying, and deadly. The Hebrew word for cholera- רעחולי sounds similar to “cholera” but more literally can be translated as “evil disease. ”Over the course of the 19thcentury, modern medical science learned how to prevent the spread of cholera, and also how to effectively treat cholera. However, in 1849, in Eastern Europe, nobody knew how the disease spread and there were no effective treatments.

Rabbi Yisrael Salanter was one of the most famed rabbis of Vilna. He threw himself into the fight against the disease. He volunteered to care for the sick, and was instrumental in organizing the Jewish community to take care of the sick and to watch over orphans left behind in the wake of the disease

Today during our current epidemic, Doctors and Rabbis have stated that anyone over 60 is at great risk from this new flu (younger people don’t seem to be as affected). It is not much of a stretch than using common sense, that even if you are in good health, anyone over 60 should not fast, and of course, if you are not in good health, no matter what your age you should not fast.

It will be very strange for people who are in jeopardy (and the medical experts say that anyone over 60 is at much higher risk as well as younger people with pre-existing conditions) to skip the fast of Tzom Gedila this year, but they must to protect their health. Someone can be machmir (strict) on something that doesn’t affect their health, like reading more Tehillim or doing more prayers, but if they put themselves at risk by reducing their resistance, they are breaking the Torah not keeping it.

Either go to the synagogue or not (some are afraid of the potential virus in crowds), but as my Grandfather who lived to a ripe old age used to tell me, Stay home, take a bath, save money and be healthy!

Advertisement


‘);
_avp.push({ tagid: article_top_ad_tagid, alias: ‘/’, type: ‘banner’, zid: ThisAdID, pid: 16, onscroll: 10 });







Angola: Diocese of Lwena needs at least 200 priests to meet pastoral demand - Vatican News
Angola: Diocese of Lwena needs at least 200 priests to meet pastoral demand – Vatican News

English Africa Service – Vatican City & Anastácio Sasembele – Luanda

The extensive Diocese of Lwena needs at least 200 priests to meet the current demand for pastoral life in this ecclesiastical circumscription, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Saurimo.

Let us make vocation promotion a priority

With a surface area of ​​223,000 km², the Diocese of Lwena is located in Eastern Angola. It covers the entire Province of Moxico. The population of the diocesan territory is composed of numerous ethnic groups though the majority are the Tchokwe speaking people.

To mitigate the shortage of priests, Bishop Blanco is urging parish communities to seriously make the promotion of vocations to the priesthood a priority.

“Our Diocese of Lwena, due to the number of inhabitants, and considering the difficulties of a large territory, would need at least 200 priests for her to be able to evangelize effectively,” explained the prelate.

Training the laity

Considering the size of one of Southern Africa’s biggest dioceses, Lwena has been training the laity for pastoral responsibilities which can be performed by them. 

“We need a sufficiently trained laity, committed to their faith and each according to the gift he or she received from the Holy Spirit at Baptism,” added Bishop Blanco.

Very habitable territory but with poor road network

Bishop Blanco has always explained that the Diocese of Lwena which is in the  Province of Moxico is very fertile territory and therefore attractive for habitation.

“The province is endowed with many rivers and forests, and therefore it is very habitable -practically the entire territory. Unfortunately, the region is serviced by a very poor road network, making it difficult to reach far flung communities for pastoral work and evangelization,” said the Bishop.

Realistic expectations

First established as a Diocese in 1963, the Diocese of Lwena has a total Catholic population of 118,600. The entire Diocese is served by less than 40 diocesan and religious clergy.  The Bishop has since called for realistic expectations of what the Church can and should do given the challenges.

Pope to Christian journalists: 'be bearers of hope' - Vatican News
Pope to Christian journalists: ‘be bearers of hope’ – Vatican News

By Robin Gomes

Amid the confusion of voices and messages that surround us, a Christian journalist is called to be a new witness to the truth, thus becoming a bearer of hope and confidence in the future.

This was the message at the heart of  Pope Francis’ address to some 30 representatives of “Tertio”, a Belgian weekly magazine that analyses current events and interprets them from a Christian, and more specifically Catholic, perspective.  Established in 2000, the magazine takes its name from the 1994 Apostolic Letter Tertio Millennio Adveniente of Saint Pope John Paul II, in preparation for the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000.

Fostering a culture of encounter 

Pope Francis recalled his predecessor who said communicators are “called to interpret the present time and identify ways for communicating the Gospel according to the language and sensibility of the contemporary human person”.

The magazine’s name, Pope Francis said, is not only a call to hope, but also aims to make theChurch’s voice and that of Christian intellectuals heard in an increasingly secularized media scenario, in order to enrich it with constructive reflections. By seeking a positive vision of people and facts, and by rejecting prejudices, he said, Christian journalists foster a culture of encounter through which it is possible to see reality with a confident gaze.

Gossip

Pope Francis drew attention to the noteworthy contribution of the Christian media to the growth of a new way of life in Christian communities, free from all forms of preconception and exclusion. In this regard, he denounced gossip or calumny, saying it closes the heart of the community and disrupts the unity of the Church.  The devil, the “great gossiper”,  he said, goes about speaking evil about others, because he is the liar who tries to prevent the Church from being a community.

All part of a living fabric

Reminding the representatives of “Tertio” of the “high professional conscience” of a Christian Journalist, the Pope said they are called to offer a new witness in the world of communication without concealing the truth or manipulating information.  Amid the confusion of voices and messages that surround us, what is needed is a human narrative that speaks to us about us and the beauty that dwells in us.

As protagonists of this “narration”, journalists are called to look at the world and events with tenderness, that all are part of a living fabric in which we are all interconnected. 

Hope in future

Hence, the Christian information professional must be a bearer of hope and confidence in the future, so that the present becomes liveable.  This is particularly needed in the current pandemic, where Christian journalists are called to be the “sowers of this hope in a better tomorrow”.  In this context, the Pope said, the media can help to ensure that people do not become ill with loneliness and can receive a word of comfort.

Polish-American voters are key to re-electing President Trump
Polish-American voters are key to re-electing President Trump

‘);
googletag.cmd.push(function () {
googletag.display(‘div-gpt-ad-1567099776462-0’);
});
}
Polish-American voters will also be essential for any chance Trump has to win the states of Florida, New Jersey, Connecticut, and possibly even Illinois.  Polish-American voters make up more than 7% of the population of New Jersey, Connecticut, and Illinois and 4% of Florida. 

Polish-American voters, in addition, make up more than 7% of the population of New York State.  President Trump has an outside chance of winning the State of New York because of the outrage many New Yorkers feel about the incompetence, left-wing extremism, and oppressive lockdown restrictions of New York’s governor and New York City’s mayor.  Polish-American voters are key to any possible Trump upset in New York. 


Further, Polish-American voters constitute approximately 4% of the swing-state populations of Minnesota, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Nevada.  They can make the difference for Trump-Pence in 2020. 



Polish-American voters have every reason to vote in even greater numbers and percentages for President Trump in 2020 than they did in 2016.


Donald Trump has proven himself to be a historic president as regards Poland’s relationship with America and the interests of Polish-Americans. 


President Trump’s rousing speech in Warsaw in July 2017 was the greatest defense of Western civilization and the most resounding statement of Poland’s historic role in the defense of freedom ever made by a world leader.



In the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan in alliance with Pope John Paul II and Margaret Thatcher helped inspire the Polish people to bring down the Iron Curtain and free Poland and all of Eastern Europe from the oppression and destitution of communism.  President Trump has augmented Reagan’s actions by making America Poland’s foremost ally and joining with Warsaw in an alliance against globalism and the consequent loss of national sovereignty.


In the 2016 campaign, President Trump won the attention and respect of more than 10 million Polish-American voters by personally meeting with more than 100 Polish-American civic leaders at the Polish National Alliance headquarters in Chicago on September 25, 2016. 


That three-hour give-and-take captured the attention of Polish-Americans and won their respect.  It received massive media attention in Polish-American media and in Poland itself.  It triggered an enormous turnout of Polish-Americans, and as much as 75% of their votes went to Donald Trump.


Our organization, Polish Americans for Trump, is now actively organizing a new major give-and-take meeting between President Trump and leaders of the Polish-American community.  One of the three battleground states of Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Michigan will likely be the venue for the upcoming event.  


Polish-Americans are predominantly Catholic and one of the strongest pro-life ethnic coalitions in the U.S.  President Trump has become the greatest pro-life president in recent American history and is fighting relentlessly to defend the rights of the unborn. 


Polish Americans for Trump proudly honors the gallantry of Count Casimir Pulaski, “Father of the American Cavalry,” and Tadeusz Kosciuszko, architect of the American defenses at West Point and Saratoga, both of whom contributed mightily to our victory in the Revolutionary War.  Pulaski was mortally wounded leading a cavalry charge during the Battle of Savannah.


On August 15 of this year, Poland and America commemorated the 100th Anniversary of the historic 1920 Battle of Warsaw, Poland’s decisive victory in its war with Bolshevik Russia.  With the help of the Kosciuszko Squadron, volunteer American fighter pilots repaying our Revolutionary War debt to Kosciuszko and Pulaski, the depleted Polish army smashed the Bolsheviks at the gates of Warsaw and saved Europe from a Marxist onslaught. 


Polish-Americans well know the deprivation, oppression, and thuggery of Marxism, either having experienced it firsthand or through the experiences of family members.  We know that Polish-Americans can help defeat the current domestic surge of Marxist revolutionaries by turning out in record numbers again and voting for freedom, liberty, Western civilization, the American Constitution and way of life, and President Trump. 


William Ciosek is co-chair of Polish Americans for Trump, a founding member of the Foundation to Illuminate America’s Heroes, co-founder of Genesis Productions, and co-producer of a major motion picture being developed about the Kosciuszko Squadron.  To learn more, please visit www.illuminateamericasheroes.com.





Polish-American voters were key to helping President Trump win the White House in 2016.

Polish-Americans make up approximately 10% of the populations of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania and vote larger than their numbers, accounting for almost 15% of the total vote in those states. 

President Trump flipped those three normally Democrat states in 2016, winning all of them by less than 1% of the vote.  He won an estimated 70 to 75% of the Polish-American vote in 2016.  Without those votes, he would not have won those three states critical to his election. 

A massive Polish-American vote in 2020 with more than 70% voting for President Trump will enable him to win these three essential states again and return to the White House for a second term. 

Polish-American voters will also be essential for any chance Trump has to win the states of Florida, New Jersey, Connecticut, and possibly even Illinois.  Polish-American voters make up more than 7% of the population of New Jersey, Connecticut, and Illinois and 4% of Florida. 

Polish-American voters, in addition, make up more than 7% of the population of New York State.  President Trump has an outside chance of winning the State of New York because of the outrage many New Yorkers feel about the incompetence, left-wing extremism, and oppressive lockdown restrictions of New York’s governor and New York City’s mayor.  Polish-American voters are key to any possible Trump upset in New York. 

Further, Polish-American voters constitute approximately 4% of the swing-state populations of Minnesota, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Nevada.  They can make the difference for Trump-Pence in 2020. 

Polish-American voters have every reason to vote in even greater numbers and percentages for President Trump in 2020 than they did in 2016.

Donald Trump has proven himself to be a historic president as regards Poland’s relationship with America and the interests of Polish-Americans. 

President Trump’s rousing speech in Warsaw in July 2017 was the greatest defense of Western civilization and the most resounding statement of Poland’s historic role in the defense of freedom ever made by a world leader.

In the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan in alliance with Pope John Paul II and Margaret Thatcher helped inspire the Polish people to bring down the Iron Curtain and free Poland and all of Eastern Europe from the oppression and destitution of communism.  President Trump has augmented Reagan’s actions by making America Poland’s foremost ally and joining with Warsaw in an alliance against globalism and the consequent loss of national sovereignty.

In the 2016 campaign, President Trump won the attention and respect of more than 10 million Polish-American voters by personally meeting with more than 100 Polish-American civic leaders at the Polish National Alliance headquarters in Chicago on September 25, 2016. 

That three-hour give-and-take captured the attention of Polish-Americans and won their respect.  It received massive media attention in Polish-American media and in Poland itself.  It triggered an enormous turnout of Polish-Americans, and as much as 75% of their votes went to Donald Trump.

Our organization, Polish Americans for Trump, is now actively organizing a new major give-and-take meeting between President Trump and leaders of the Polish-American community.  One of the three battleground states of Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Michigan will likely be the venue for the upcoming event.  

Polish-Americans are predominantly Catholic and one of the strongest pro-life ethnic coalitions in the U.S.  President Trump has become the greatest pro-life president in recent American history and is fighting relentlessly to defend the rights of the unborn. 

Polish Americans for Trump proudly honors the gallantry of Count Casimir Pulaski, “Father of the American Cavalry,” and Tadeusz Kosciuszko, architect of the American defenses at West Point and Saratoga, both of whom contributed mightily to our victory in the Revolutionary War.  Pulaski was mortally wounded leading a cavalry charge during the Battle of Savannah.

On August 15 of this year, Poland and America commemorated the 100th Anniversary of the historic 1920 Battle of Warsaw, Poland’s decisive victory in its war with Bolshevik Russia.  With the help of the Kosciuszko Squadron, volunteer American fighter pilots repaying our Revolutionary War debt to Kosciuszko and Pulaski, the depleted Polish army smashed the Bolsheviks at the gates of Warsaw and saved Europe from a Marxist onslaught. 

Polish-Americans well know the deprivation, oppression, and thuggery of Marxism, either having experienced it firsthand or through the experiences of family members.  We know that Polish-Americans can help defeat the current domestic surge of Marxist revolutionaries by turning out in record numbers again and voting for freedom, liberty, Western civilization, the American Constitution and way of life, and President Trump. 

William Ciosek is co-chair of Polish Americans for Trump, a founding member of the Foundation to Illuminate America’s Heroes, co-founder of Genesis Productions, and co-producer of a major motion picture being developed about the Kosciuszko Squadron.  To learn more, please visit www.illuminateamericasheroes.com.


















Polish bishops intervene in debate over European treaty on violence against women
Polish bishops intervene in debate over European treaty on violence against women

.- Poland’s bishops have intervened in a debate over whether their country should withdraw from a European treaty on preventing violence against women. 

In a statement issued Sept. 17, the bishops reiterated their opposition to the Istanbul Convention, an initiative seeking to create a pan-European legal framework to protect women against violence, on the grounds that it  “introduces elements of gender ideology.”

“We welcome the emergence of a social legislative initiative to terminate the Istanbul Convention and replace it with the International Convention on the Rights of the Family, and we encourage support for this action,” they said, according to an English translation provided by the Polish Bishops’ Conference.

The “Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence” was launched in 2011 by the Council of Europe, a human rights organization founded in 1949 with 47 member states.

President Bronisław Komorowski, associated with the Civic Platform party, ratified the convention on behalf of Poland in 2015. But in July this year Poland’s Justice Minister Zbigniew Ziobro said that he would seek to withdraw from the treaty, prompting demonstrations in the capital, Warsaw.

Shortly afterwards, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki, a member of the Law and Justice party, announced that he had asked the country’s Constitutional Tribunal to declare whether the Istanbul Convention is compatible with the Constitution of Poland.

In their statement, the bishops noted that the bishops of Central Europe had reached a consensus on rejecting the convention in 2018. 

They said: “The Istanbul Convention quite rightly seeks to combat discrimination based on sex, that is, biological differences between a woman and a man. However, alongside that, the Convention introduces elements of gender ideology, referring to the need to combat various types of discrimination related to gender.” 

“The concept of gender that appears many times in this document — translated into Polish as ‘socio-cultural gender’ — means, according to the Convention, ‘the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for women and men.’” 

The bishops continued: “Moreover, the Istanbul Convention also states that one of the causes of violence against women and domestic violence is religion and tradition.”

“Therefore, the Convention calls on the host to ‘take the necessary measures to promote changes in the social and cultural patterns of behavior of women and men with a view to eradicating prejudices, customs, traditions and all other practices which are based on the idea of the inferiority of women or on stereotyped roles for women and men,’ and to introduce ‘teaching material on issues such as equality between women and men, non‐stereotyped gender roles […] in formal curricula and at all levels of education.’” 

The bishops said that marriage — defined as “a permanent relationship between a woman and a man, and their complementary roles of motherhood and fatherhood” — was not a cultural stereotype. Rather, it was “the foundation of human life and society, in accordance with the will of the Creator himself.”

The statement was signed by the Presidium of the Polish Bishop’s Conference, which consists of bishops’ conference chairman Archbishop Stanisław Gądecki of Poznań, deputy chairman Archbishop Marek Jędraszewski of Kraków, and secretary general Bishop Artur G. Miziński, an auxiliary bishop of Lublin. 

Addressing Poles, the bishops said: “We also support, and we encourage you to support, any changes in Polish criminal law aimed at the greater protection and security of family life.” 

“We would like to remind you that the main sources of crises in family life, which sometimes become pathological and lead to violence, are: alcoholism, drug addiction, and other addictions, as well as pornography of mass culture and the related objectification of women and dehumanization of sex life.”

EU must diversify trade ties, develop own value chains - Germany's Altmaier
EU must diversify trade ties, develop own value chains – Germany’s Altmaier
FILE PHOTO: German Economy Minister Peter Altmaier speaks during a news conference on climate and economic policy in Berlin, Germany September 11, 2020. Odd Andersen/Pool via REUTERS

BERLIN (Reuters) – The European Union must diversify its trade relations, become less dependent on Asian suppliers in certain areas such as medical precursors, and develop its own value chains within the 27-member bloc, German Economy Minister Peter Altmaier told Reuters.

“The coronavirus pandemic has taught us that Europe must stick together and diversify its trade relations,” Altmaier said in remarks cleared for publication on Friday.

“That means that there must be no spanner in the works of the EU’s internal market and that we have to ensure more resilient supply chains, the development of value chains within the EU, and more legal certainty in international trade.”

As Germany currently holds the presidency of the European Union, Altmaier will host a meeting of fellow EU ministers responsible for trade on Monday, with a special focus on global supply chains and the future of the European steel industry.

Altmaier, a close ally of centre-right Chancellor Angela Merkel, said Europe should not turn its back on globalisation as trade and open markets were still powerful engines that could help propel Europe out of the current economic crisis.

Still, greater autonomy coupled with the development of innovative and resilient EU value chains is needed so that Europe “can still play in the premier league of the world’s economically successful regions” in the future, Altmaier added.

Asked if Europe and Germany should re-think trade ties with China, Altmaier said that everyone had to acknowledge that in the long term, trade could only work on a level playing field.

“Anyone who wants to enjoy the advantages of the free market in the European Union must also open the doors to European companies,” Altmaier said.

While Germany over the past decade has benefited massively from Chinese demand for its machines and cars, officials in Berlin and Brussels have become increasingly frustrated in recent years as China has not fully delivered on its promises to engage in fair and free trade.

Editing by Maria Sheahan

COVID-19: Regional coherence and a spirit of collective support are crucial
COVID-19: Regional coherence and a spirit of collective support are crucial

Statement to the press by Dr Hans Henri P. Kluge, WHO Regional Director for Europe

17 September 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark

Good morning,

We have a very serious situation unfolding before us.  Weekly cases have now exceeded those reported when the pandemic first peaked in Europe in March.

Last week, the region’s weekly tally exceeded  300,000 cases. More than half of European countries have reported a greater than 10 per cent increase in cases in the past two weeks. Of those, seven countries have seen newly-reported cases increase more than two-fold in the same period.

In the spring and early summer we were able to see the impact of strict lockdown measures. Our efforts, our sacrifices, paid off. In June cases hit an all-time low.

The September case numbers, however, should serve as a wake-up call for all of us.

Although these numbers reflect more comprehensive testing, they also show alarming rates of transmission across the Region. While we did see an increase in cases among older age groups, 50-64 and 65-79 years, in the first week of September, the biggest proportion is still among 25-49 year-olds.

This pandemic has taken so much from us. In Europe 4,893,614 cases of COVID-19 have been recorded and 226,524 deaths. This tells only part of the story – the impact on our mental health, economies, livelihoods and society has been monumental.

The first of my key messages today is a call for Regional coherence, an amplified collective effort by all European Member States, for the sake of all European Member States.

The response to the crisis has been very effective whenever the actions were prompt and resolute; but the virus has been merciless whenever partisanship and disinformation prevailed. Where the pandemic goes from here is in our hands. We have fought it back before and we can fight it back again.

On Monday this week, at the WHO Regional Office for Europe’s Regional Committee meeting, the 53 Member States of the European Region unanimously adopted a new vision for health for the next 5 years. The European Programme of Work (EPW) focuses on meeting the needs and expectations of European citizens. With this endorsement countries articulated the importance of solidarity and trust between our countries. I do believe there is a willingness to live by this ethos as it will protect all our communities.

We will continue to advocate with government institutions for policy decisions that are prompted by an actual change in the situation and driven by epidemiological data. This capacity was well demonstrated as countries across the Region, gradually reopened schools. A great example of such coherence was the school conference we co-hosted with Minister Speranza of Italy in August, whichled to the consensus publication of “schooling during the Covid-19 pandemic” available on our website.

My second message, is that we need to use the knowledge and know-how that we now possess, to implement what works and not implement what doesn’t. We know we need hospital and Intensive Care Units  capacity, personal protective equipment, but also much greater involvement of the primary and community care. We know we need to protect our health workers and other frontline workers who keep society running, and the elderly in long term care homes. And we know that basic pubic health measures work including scaling up of testing, handwashing, physical distancing, using masks when physical distancing is not possible and avoiding large gatherings.

And we need to be restless to update scientific knowledge as more evidence becomes available. Take for example quarantine, as a cornerstone of our fight against COVID-19.

The 14-day quarantine period is a conservative estimate of the infectious period, which – despite some remaining uncertainty – covers the period, before and after symptoms are present, when people may be infectious. Knowing the immense individual and societal impact even a slight reduction in the length of quarantine can have, and given the figures I have just mentioned, I encourage countries of the Region to make scientific due process with their experts and explore safe reduction options. The concept of quarantine must be protected, continuously adapted, clarified and well communicated without any ambiguity to people.

I am offering WHO Regional convening power to ensure that such discussions take place coherently and in a coordinated manner among Member States, and then communicated jointly to the people of Europe. Their adherence to quarantine is at the end what will define it and determine its purpose.

Despite continued high adherence and support to pandemic response strategies in populations across the Region, Member States are reporting and documenting COVID-related fatigue in their populations.

My third message, is that we need to understand people’s concerns, we need to empathize with the fatigue that is setting in. Fatigue is an expected and natural response to a long-standing public health crisis, which for everyone has had considerable implications for everyday life.  Understanding who is experiencing fatigue and the barriers and drivers they experience in taking up protection behaviours allows to segment and tailor actions to those who need it the most, and based on the needs of specific population groups. This requires more successful and cost-effective policies, interventions and communication. It requires that we embrace disciplines outside of the bio-medical sphere, such as the social sciences and the humanities.

There are four key strategies WHO promotes here to counteract fatigue.

  1. Collect and use evidence for targeted, tailored interventions. WHO Europe has been working with 27 countries to conduct behaviour insights surveys.
  2. Find ways to engage individuals and communities at every local level. For example, in Denmark the Facebook page “True Story” involved influencers with video diaries of being young and on their own. It has reached 4 million people.
  3. Focus on reducing harm, where and when possible, rather than closing down. Engage the youth in finding new and safe ways to be social.
  4. Acknowledge hardship. Communicate hope and empathy.

For particular sub-groups or age groups, such as youth, for example, this means we make an effort to understand the barriers they face, we engage them, acknowledge the hardship and empathize, and make them part of the solution. We move from a ‘do not’ to a ‘do differently’ finding newer and safe ways to be social and avoid loneliness.

The WHO Regional Office for Europe is developing a framework to help authorities, both national and local, to plan and implement national and subnational strategies to counter fatigue and reignite public support for recommendations and COVID-19 preventive behaviours.

So, to repeat my three messages:

  1. Regional coherence and a spirit of collective support is crucial.
  2. The knowledge and know-how we possess has to be put to best use.
  3. Fatigue is natural and it needs to be understood and addressed, where it puts us at risk.

I’d like to close, by expressing our support to EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. Yesterday, Dr von der Leyen delivered her State of the Union to the European Parliament. Advocating to revitalise multilateralism, she called for a WHO that is fit for purpose and commended our joint efforts. We share her vision for a European Health Union. With Commissioner for Health and Food Safety Dr Stella Kyriakides, we adopted a Joint Statement at the Regional Committee last Monday going into a historical partnership between the European Commission and the WHO Regional Office for Europe for the benefit of the Member States and people both our organizations serve.

Commission President Von Der Leyen referred to the ‘unshakeable belief in the hidden strength of the human spirit’, which I believe has been at the very heart of our response. We need to draw on that spirit again in order to take a collective leap forward towards a brighter future for our society.

Thank you.

ReBoot Kicks Off
ReBoot Kicks Off

ReBoot: Books, Business, and Reading, comprising an October 13 conference plus research tracks, is designed to analyze how Covid-19 could reshape the global publishing industry. Organized by Ruediger Wischenbart Content and Consulting (Austria), Carlo Carrenho (Brazil/Sweden), and Klaus-Peter Stegen (Germany), in partnership with KNK, Bookwire, Publishers Weekly, and #coisadelivreiro, the program will provide a global virtual forum to gather data, write case studies, and foster debate among industry executives and thought leaders on the best ways for the industry to move forward.

The full ReBoot initiative contains a series of “Preparation Tracks” leading up to the October 13 conference, some of which have already begun. These tracks include several workshops on four themes: consumer research; insights into hybrid publishing; bookselling across multiple formats (print and digital), channels (bricks-and-mortar, online), and models (sales, downloads, subscriptions); and finally resulting transformations of the supply chain. The October 13 virtual conference will feature four sessions, each devoted to one of these four main topics.

Conference speakers include John Ingram, CEO of Ingram; Nitasha Devasar, head of distributor Taylor & Francis’s Indian operations; Carmen Ospina, director of marketing, communication, and business development at Penguin Random House Spain and Latin America; and Michael Reynolds of Europa Editions and Eva Ferry of its Italian sister publisher Edizioni E/O. Others set to participate are David Worlock from the Outsell executive consultancy; Knut Nicholas Krause, founder of the KNK publishing software house; Mitchell Davis, founder of BookSurge and now library and author community promotor; and Jens Klingelhöfer, cofounder of the international digital aggregator Bookwire.

More details about ReBoot are available at rebootbooks.org and via @rebootbooks on Twitter. The online conference will go live at 7 a.m. EDT.

Return to the main feature.

                 <small>A version of this article appeared in the 09/21/2020 issue of <em>Publishers Weekly</em> under the headline: ReBoot Kicks Off </small>
Frankfurt Book Fair: Going Virtual
Frankfurt Book Fair: Going Virtual

While the Frankfurt Book Fair officially canceled its in-person fair only two weeks ago, American agents have been planning for an online-only event for months. So what will this year’s fair look like for them? Lots of Zoom calls, with some bells and whistles thrown in to make the chats more personal and fun.

Frankfurt, for its part, is offering a number of virtual tools to help sellers connect with buyers. The fair is allowing agents to register this year as exhibitors. Once they’ve done so, Frankfurt Book Fair v-p Riky Stock explains, they will be given a “contact person” who can edit their entries and upload content for them. They will also have access to an event calendar, through which they can plan invitation-only meetings, and to an exhibitor catalog. The catalog, which is now live, will give the agencies the ability to have a digital presence by including links to their company websites, social media information, and uploaded documents such as rights catalogs. The fair is also providing a digital rights platform where, Stock says, agents can “upload their rights guides, title information, rights availability, and previews of titles.” The platform has been branded Frankfurt Rights and borrows elements from IPR License, a virtual rights trading and licensing company owned by Frankfurt. The platform will be free to use through at least June 2021 and, unlike IPR License, will not be taking commissions.

Stock added that some agents may also opt to host webinars. Writers House’s Cecilia de la Campa hosted a webinar at last year’s Bologna Book Fair and told Stock that webinars have advantages over the in-person meetings. Notably, de la Campa says, webinars allow more people to tune into the presentation, and they can also be saved and shared afterward. “We can reach publishers with whom we don’t yet have major business, and we can announce any exciting new deals and sales on the spot to everyone at once,” de la Campa says.

Frankfurt will also help promote webinars that agents and rights directors choose to host. While the agents will host the meetings on their own, using whichever platforms they choose, the fair will post the webinars in the events calendar and on its Frankfurt Rights dashboard. “We will help with visibility and, to a certain extent, promotion,” Stock says.

For some agents, like Jennifer Weltz at the Jean V. Naggar Literary Agency, this year’s unusual event doesn’t offer as many obstacles as one might assume. Weltz says she has been doing Skype meetings with her coagents pre-fair for years; it’s a tradition she started in 2010, when an erupting volcano in Iceland unexpectedly kept numerous Americans from attending the book fair. “When I started [doing the Skype meetings], lots of agents said, ‘I can’t. I don’t have a webcam.’ ” Editors were also resistant. Now, of course, plenty of people are on videoconferencing platforms for most of the day. With that being the new reality, Weltz is predicting that this year’s Frankfurt could be her busiest yet, given that she is, as she notes, totally unshackled by the standard constraints of an in-person event—meetings don’t have to feature only a few people, and they don’t have to happen within the time frame of the fair. And, while she admits she’ll miss seeing people in person, she says she’s confident about getting everything done. “We could be on the moon,” she exclaims, and she can make sales as long as those in her audience “have my list in front of them and we’re facing each other and talking.”

While other agents acknowledge that their fair will be chock-full of Zoom meetings, some are trying different tactics to make the interactions more fun. Sanford Greenburger’s Stefanie Diaz says they have added a “meet the author” feature for this year’s event. “We’re highlighting debut authors and other standout titles with short author videos,” she explains. These will be shared during the meetings Diaz has planned throughout September and October.

That there’s no need to contain business to the run of any physical show—usually three to four days for most agents—is something other agents say is a boon this year. Baror International is, like Sanford Greenburger, stretching business out over two months, with virtual meetings happening throughout September and October. “There’s no reason to tie meetings to a few days,” says the agency’s Heather Baror. “Without the constraints of the fair schedule we can have more meaningful meetings and more of them.” Baror also thinks the virtual realm can allow for “more productive chats than [those held] within the bustle of the fair.”

Foundry Literary + Media is also trying to inject a little fun into the proceedings. The agency has put together an interactive rights guide and, rather than having prospective buyers schedule meetings with the agency’s rights people, they will instead get to talk with the title’s agent or, in some cases, authors. “Each meeting will be a discrete Zoom call that I believe will be more fun and informative than any German agent center meeting ever could be,” explains agency cofounder Peter McGuigan. “We’re making lemonade out of lemons here. Hopefully it’ll stand out and people will notice our books.”

Return to the main feature.

                 <small>A version of this article appeared in the 09/21/2020 issue of <em>Publishers Weekly</em> under the headline: Going Virtual </small>
RELX Stays #1
RELX Stays #1

The Covid-19 pandemic is likely to alter the publishing landscape in the years ahead, but in the pre-virus age, the world’s 10 largest publishers in 2019 were largely the same as in 2018, according to Livres Hebdo/Publishers Weekly’s annual ranking of global publishers.

A year after the RELX Group (formerly Reed Elsevier) wrestled away the crown of the world’s largest publisher from longtime leader Pearson, the STM, business, and legal publisher stayed #1 with revenue in 2019 of $5.64 billion, about a 7% increase from 2018. The only change in the top 10 between 2018 and 2019 was in the second and third spots, where Thomson Reuters, with a 3% increase in revenue to $5.28 billion, overtook Pearson and moved into second place on the ranking. Hampered by sluggish higher education sales, Pearson had another year of revenue decline but managed to hold onto third place on the global ranking with sales of $5.09 billion.

The other publishers on the top 10 list in 2019 are in the same positions they were in 2018. Publishers focused on the professional and educational markets took six of the top 10 spots on the global ranking, with the more trade-oriented publishers occupying the other four slots. Revenue for 2019 was basically flat in Bertelsmann’s book publishing segments, which include both the world’s largest trade publisher, Penguin Random House, and the company’s small but growing education division. Bertelsmann was the #4 publisher in 2019.

How the pandemic will shape publishing going forward is not yet clear, but a couple of events not related to Covid-19 will affect future global rankings. Simon & Schuster, the third-largest trade publisher in the U.S., was put up for sale by new parent company ViacomCBS at the beginning of 2020, and, while the pandemic slowed the sale process, it is expected to soon heat up again. Adding more interest in the fate of S&S was an interview Bertelsmann CEO Thomas Rabe gave the Financial Times in early September, in which he said the German giant would be prepared to make a bid for S&S whenever the sale process resumed. HarperCollins, the second-largest trade publisher in the U.S. and the ninth-largest publisher overall worldwide, is also eyeing S&S. CEO Brian Murray, sources confirmed, told employees at a town hall meeting that HC has an interest in acquiring the publisher.

A company that will not move into the top 10 in 2020 is a merged McGraw-Hill-Cengage. The two educational publishing giants called off their proposed merger in May after a yearlong investigation by the Department of Justice. The companies said the inability to agree with the government on what assets needed to be divested to gain approval for the deal was the reason behind the termination of the transaction. In 2019, McGraw-Hill was the world’s 11th-largest publisher and Cengage was 12th-largest.

The complete list of the world’s largest publishers will appear in an upcoming issue of PW.

Return to the main feature.


                 <small>A version of this article appeared in the 09/21/2020 issue of <em>Publishers Weekly</em> under the headline: RELX Stays #1 </small>
From their blond locks to their brutality, new research claims we've got the Vikings all wrong
From their blond locks to their brutality, new research claims we’ve got the Vikings all wrong

Bloodshed was foreseen by the people of Northumberland even before the Viking raiders came ashore on the Holy Island of Lindisfarne in AD 793.

An ancient manuscript recalls how ‘amazing sheets of lightning and whirlwinds and fiery dragons were seen flying in the sky’, but no omen could have prepared them for the barbarity that followed.

Leaping from their longboats, Viking invaders stormed the abbey and massacred priests, nuns and monks — even as they prayed at the altar.

‘They miserably ravaged and pillaged everything; they trod the holy things under their polluted feet, they plundered all the treasures of the church,’ claimed one chronicler of the time.

‘Some of the brethren they slew, some they carried off with them in chains…’

In the monastery on neighbouring Iona, one defiant abbot was ‘cut in pieces with severed limbs’. But even then his assailant was not satisfied, hacking at his entrails in a frenzy of blood-lust.

Viking invaders stormed the abbey and massacred priests, nuns and monks — even as they prayed at the altar

Viking invaders stormed the abbey and massacred priests, nuns and monks — even as they prayed at the altar

So began a reign of terror that saw the Vikings slaughter their way across England, Scotland and Ireland — as well as large swathes of North-West Europe — for more than a century.

With names like Erik Bloodaxe and Thorfinn the Skull-Splitter, these warlords showed no mercy — which makes it all the more peculiar that recent historians seem determined to paint them in a rather different light.

While not quite suggesting that they should be renamed Erik the Ever-so-Polite and Thorfinn the Touchy-Feely, research published this week suggests we should take a more nuanced view of Viking marauding.

The report in the journal Nature involved genetic analysis of more than 400 Viking skeletons from burial sites across Europe. Among the most striking findings is that Scandinavian Vikings inherited genes from both Southern Europe and Asia so, far from being the blonde brutes we imagine, they were as likely to have had brown hair.

Fascinating stuff, but more controversial are the conclusions we are expected to draw from the bodies of two males buried in Orkney. While their grave contained swords and other Viking artefacts, these men were actually Picts — Celtic-speaking people who lived in Scotland at the time of the invasions. And yet they appear to have been respected as Vikings.

According to the study’s lead author Dr Daniel Lawson of the University of Bristol, this suggests ‘a different side of the cultural relationship from Viking raiding and pillaging’.

The implication is that far from being the murderous types we imagine, the Vikings mixed willingly with other cultures who accepted their way of life. But as the Vikings’ own accounts make clear, anyone who did collaborate with them was likely forced into doing so rather than persuaded.

 ‘Great numbers of English flee before our swords,’ boasted one Viking poem.

Forewarned of a raid, the men and women of Fife were said to have ‘dragged themselves off to the woods and wastes with weeping and wailing’. On return they would have faced famine as the Vikings would have smashed their farm tools before plundering and torching their granaries.

Women were raped and prisoners were sold into slavery, often into Asia and the Middle East where the preference for eunuchs saw them castrated upon capture.

 

Vikings had names like  Erik Bloodaxe and Thorfinn the Skull-Splitter and terrorised across England, Scotland and Ireland for more than a century

Vikings had names like  Erik Bloodaxe and Thorfinn the Skull-Splitter and terrorised across England, Scotland and Ireland for more than a century

But even those poor souls might have been considered lucky not to have been dispatched straight away — for the Viking cult of the warrior valued killing for its own sake. Doing so quickly and efficiently was an art learned from childhood by the sons of noblemen and their weapon of choice was the sword — often handed down from father to son and given such telling names as ‘Brainbiter’.

Apprentice combatants learned how to twist and turn wearing heavy mail tunics and iron helmets, and to wield swords, spears and axes while protecting themselves with shields.

The training for hand-to-hand combat required great stamina and strength and warriors were taught to disable their foes by slicing into the thigh or arm before delivering the fatal strike to the head — with such force the skeletons of their victims reveal blows that smashed through helmets and skulls to pulverise the brain.

Among the Viking ranks were ‘berserkers’ (Norse for ‘bear-like’), legendary warriors who are believed to have gone into battle without armour, protected merely by the rage they worked themselves into.

One troop on the eve of battle were described as ‘mad as dogs’. Others donned the skins of wolves, somehow imagining they could absorb their ferocity as they ‘bear bloodstained swords to battle’.

Intimidation was just one psychological tactic deployed by the Vikings. Another was the element of surprise — these accomplished shipwrights and navigators could launch their amphibious assaults in tides and weather conditions that were daunting to their enemies.

Their longboats were described by one Viking poet as ‘wave stallions’ and they painted ravens on the sails, joking grimly that these flesh-devouring birds were brothers-in-arms who followed them into combat to feast on the dead.

The raids were triggered by overpopulation and food shortages in their Scandinavian homelands, and the knowledge that Britain and Ireland had inadequate defences. But although the treasures in churches and monasteries could be easily plundered, still the Vikings fought among themselves when dividing the spoils.

The losers in these feuds suffered ritual and unimaginably cruel deaths. Torf-Einar, the one-eyed Viking ruler of Orkney, ordered his men to carve the outline of an eagle on a prisoner’s back, slice the ribs from the backbone and then pull out the man’s lungs as an offering to the god, Odin.

For Vikings, killing quickly and efficiently was a form of art, that had to be taught since childhood

For Vikings, killing quickly and efficiently was a form of art, that had to be taught since childhood

Such appalling, ritualised deaths were also meted out to Anglo-Saxon leaders as the Vikings colonised land from Scotland to East Anglia — an area that became known as Danelaw. Being a superstitious people who understood the concept of an afterlife, they were impressed by the Christian beliefs of those they conquered.

Viking rulers such as King Olaf Tryggvason of Norway realised the advantage of embracing a religion which suggested that those who followed their monarch were also following the will of God. However, the Viking version of Christianity was characteristically violent.

‘It is my will that you shall be baptised and all the folk that serve you,’ Tryggvason informed Earl Sigurd of Orkney. ‘Else you shall die here at once, and I will ravage all the isles with fire and sword.’

Only in 10th-century England did they meet their match, losing to Anglo-Saxon king Alfred the Great, whose peasant army fought alongside professional soldiers — proving the Vikings were not invincible.

Finally defeated, they were allowed to settle in Danelaw as subjects of Alfred and his descendants — bu the Vikings had not done with thoughts of conquest yet.

In 1066, Harald Hardrada, the last great Viking leader, was defeated in

his attempts to conquer England. Killed at the Battle of Stamford Bridge, he left the English throne to be fought over by the Anglo-Saxon King Harold, and William, leader of the Normans — descendants of the Vikings who had settled in northern France. Clearly the Viking warrior spirit lived on in William the Conquerer and his men, combined with the latest continental combat techniques.

Armed with deadly lances, Norman knights fought on horseback, charging through their opponents hacking at them from above, backed by missiles from bows and crossbows.

As history records, William was ultimately the victor at the Battle of Hastings but, although Harold was killed there, it has been suggested he is not the warrior pulling an arrow from his eye as famously shown in the Bayeux tapestry. Some historians believe that his death came instead from a blow to his thigh from a mounted Norman swordsman, delivered with such force that archaeologists believe it would have driven through the chainmail to his flesh and bone.

Either way, it was a killing of which William’s Viking ancestors would no doubt have been proud. Their hair colour may not have been what we’ve long imagined but, whether brown-haired or blond, there is no question their colourful combat skills made them unbelievably brutal warriors.